Write a 250 word summary of what you know about your topic so far. At the end of your summary, write a tentative thesis statement.
When you are commenting, you are to comment a question asking for clarity on something your classmate has written.
So, if you were asked a question, you must answer it.
American Sign Language, also known as ASL, is a widely recognized language throughout the United Staes and the whole world. Used by many people in the United States, ASL is an elaborate language that involves movement of the hands, facial expressions, and the way you move your body, like your posture.
ReplyDeleteAs you may not be aware of, throughout the world there are many different types of sign language, just like spoken languages. So, with that being said, an example of this is BSL which is used in Great Britain. Most American Sign Language users may not understand this area of the language, like we normally cannot understand other languages. These differences in the language began around 200 years ago when French Sign Language started to include other hand signs, making it their own. Each language, although, has separate and many differences from the spoken words. The differences include new rules for pronunciation, the order in which words are signed, and the grammar that is used in sentences. Each individual country also has a different way to ask questions while signing. For example, as Americans, when asking questions while speaking, we raise the pitch of our voices. But, when sing language is in use, eyebrows are raised, eyes are widened, or the body could be leaning forward. Sign language is such a complex language, if not the most complex used by many people each and every day. There are many research projects going on overseas in places such as Israel, that are studying the way it effects people who are hearing impaired and those that are able to hear.
Sign language has come to be a part of many people’s lives, and for the most part making their lives better lived
Why are there different types of sign language, such as ASL and BSL, wouldn't it be easier for those who speak it to have it uniform?
DeleteIs ASL in the U.S. a sort of evolution of BSL, or is it just a different version of it?
DeleteThere are different types of sign language, like ASL and BSL because just like spoken language, it is easier for one to understand in it one certain way. So, this means that a certain word, let’s say car, could be one sign in he United States, but a completely different motion in Great Britain.
DeleteASL is a different version of BSL and vice versa. As stated above, a sign for a word in America could be completely different from a sign in BSL.
Who do you think should learn ASL?
DeleteI think that everyone should learn ASL because you never know who you may come across that could be hearing impaired.
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ReplyDeleteAmerican history has been plagued with derogatory language meant to suppress minorities, such as spic, chink, or negro, although we are in a progressive era and have attempted to eradicate the use of these slurs, but they're still prevalent today. These slurs are referred to as group slurs but there are also personal slurs, which are both statements assigning generalized and typically negative characteristics of a group on a person as a mean to suppress them.
ReplyDeleteTheorists believe that the need to suppress minorities stem from xenophobic, ethnocentric, and ignorant ideas. They say that what defines the words is how it is expressed, whether they use expressive intensifiers and their tone of voice makes a huge difference in how the word is perceived. This means that the word only means as much as the speaker gives it and how the listener perceives the intentions of the speaker, meaning that the word can be redefined. Look at Martin Luther King Jr., he was referred to as a nigger during the 1950s and 1960s, but we don't refer to him the same way today because he didn't give the word the power it was meant to have instead, he used it as motivation and redefined the word through action. Other methods are used today to remove the derogative meanings from the word, such as self-definition in the African American culture, by calling one another nigger or nigga in a friendly manner they change how it is perceived, but no other race is allowed to refer to them in the same manner. Those who are pro-free speech fight this claiming that if racism is based on biological factors, then if a person with a different skin tone than a group is excluded from using a term then it's racist. This form of combating racism with more racism isn't as effective and raises the question of whether or not pejorative language should be used at all. Martin Luther King Jr.'s methods to combating racism were most effective because it doesn't create a cycle of racism and allows the speaker to redefine the meaning of the word, because a word only holds as much power over you as you give it.
Thesis: What defines a pejorative word and how to react to pejorative words.
DeleteHow many of these terms originate from somewhere other than the U.S.?
DeleteAlthough it is hard to find the etymology of each racial slur I'll give you a few, Panamanians referred to themselves as Spigs (now modern spic), but Americans took that word and used spic to refer to Spanish speaking people, a slur not common today. Nigger stems back to the word Niger in latin for black, which developed into Negro or Nigger in English speaking countries and negro in Spanish for black. The personal slur slut stems from English speaking countries meaning having sex on the mind and eventually developed into a female oriented adjective meaning having often sexual experiences. Those are just an example of a few, there are too many to list.
DeletePolitical Correctness has plagued all types of politics since the 1900's when the term was coined. It began as a way of point out and making fun of fanatics, but it has slowly evolved into a weapon to silence opposing free speech. This can be seen all over society, from safe spaces to business relations. When under the political premise, PC only serves to mask the hard truth, In fact, someone who actively tries to be PC will almost always come off as "fake" or manipulative. However, a study was done that found that in the business field, PC may be a benefit, though I am more inclined to believe it was more due to the participants being more comfortable with each other. Regardless, while the intention of Political Correctness is to further society, it almost always has the opposite effect and divides us even further, even if we are like minded. I also found an interesting article discussing how the military handles the progresses in society, and it found that the military handles it better than the rest of the branches. One example it brought up was the allowing of transgenders to join the force. It found that on ~19% were opposed to the move. I believe this is because the soldiers in the military recognize the importance of putting aside differences and working for a better future, while the "statesmen" are too caught up in the petty stuff. I believe this has larger implications for the running of our government, but that is pretty much irrelevant to this topic.
ReplyDeleteThesis: Is political correctness a benefit or hindrance to progress in society and culture?
DeleteI'd love for you to cover what is considered "hate speech" in modern day society. So, how many countries identify "hate speech" as a criminal offence, and how has it affected their society?
DeleteI think this is a very important argument in today's society! But could you go over what exactly it means to be "politically correct?" I have an idea but I would like to hear more about the exact ways in which people are PC, or otherwise.
DeleteWhat is your thoughts on political cartoons and how do they fit into political correctness?
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ReplyDeleteThesis: The metric system is easy to use and a universal mearurement system would cause less problems, but should the U.S. make a complete conversion to the metric system?
DeleteTime is Money, and many U.S. companies are being forced to through time away. The U.S. government refuses to pass a law forcing the conversion to the Metric System(Si). The refusal to switch comes from the large amount of money and time that comes from the switch. Many companies are converting their products to metric measurements, despite a legal requirement.
DeleteOne of these companies is John Deere. They were producing two parts, one in metric and one in imperial, based off one measurement and converting it to the other. Due to conversion error, rounding, many of these parts were not interchangeable. With almost all the world using SI, many of John Deere’s consumers required their products be made with metric parts. These parts would be more easily available in their home country, making it easier to fix the machine if a problem arises. This made for a lot of John Deere’s imperial parts to be left in the warehouse and never sold. John Deere estimated saving $380,000 from buying metric measured sheet steel for their combines alone.
This change by John Deere brings little effect to America. Most companies are making this switch, so John Deere will not have to obtain parts from foreign countries. This switch allows the company to reach a wider range of people and have less inventory sitting on the shelf. The U.S. consumer will also not be greatly effected by this change. The average tool set comes in both metric and imperial measurement, so the owner of a John Deere machine will probably already have the tools to fix any issue. The conversion of John Deere has started the way for a metric America.
A change to the Metric System would be beneficial, and it should be taught in schools. What is a one positive and one negative effect that would occur from changing to the Metric System.
DeleteBody language is a type of communication that involves movements, gestures, and micro-gestures that are inborn, genetic, or culturally learned. Body language can vary from culture to culture or region to region, but there are certain universal similarities between many of the movements related to the emotion they are portraying.
ReplyDeleteIt is important to be able to understand or interpret the meaning of certain gestures because nonverbal communication makes up nearly sixty-five percent of any given message when speaking face-to-face. It also provides insight into someone’s life, even before speaking to or meeting with them. If a verbal message is not parallel to body language when someone is communicating, people will generally fixate their attention on the language of the body and completely disregard what is being spoken.
There are people out there who try to take advantage of others by learning common gestures that make them look like they are truthful. Although they learn the common gestures, they often cannot control the micro-gestures that show they are lying. Micro-gestures can be as simple as a twitch of the lip or an eye movement. Those who fake emotions may receive temporary satisfaction, but it is impossible to fake body language forever.
There are little tells in every movement that reveal what someone is thinking. The direction a person’s eyes move to when they are thinking can indicate whether they are recalling a sound, a picture, a feeling, or just talking to themselves. The arms can reveal if a person is open to ideas by showing open arms or closed to ideas by showing crossed arms. Body language is an incredible language that can provide much information to those who take the time to learn it.
Thesis: The impeccable multitude of facets interconnected with body language arguably makes it the greatest of all languages.
Yours sounds like a very strong topic! And it is a very good point about tells of lying or otherwise. But could you give me an example of one that is culturally learned? The only one that I can think of is giving someone the finger, are there more? And is it at all possible to fake all of the micro-gestures in order to tell a completely "honest" lie?
DeleteI enjoyed reading your topic Regis because I have basically the same one. I am just curious, what do you believe is the more important, being able to read someone else’s body language or being able to give off a strong body language?
DeleteWill you be explaining the history of body language? For example, they taught posture(body language)to many women back in the middle ages.
DeleteYou chose a great topic and did well explaining it. You said in your thesis that it’s the greatest of all languages, so my question is, do you believe students should be better educated on body language or continue to leave it the way it is, people do it without always knowing it.
DeleteFor the subject of body language I would definitely look into sociopaths because they mirror what you want to see and show no genuine emotions. So, the question I have for you is how does a sociopath use body language to manipulate you?
DeleteChris, there are a multitude of culturally learned gestures. Another example could be the way people act when speaking with one another. Italians will move their entire body when talking. They will also continually give arm touches to the other person to prevent him or her from moving their arms and taking over the conversation.
DeleteChris, people can become good at faking the gestures and micro-gestures, but it is impossible to fake them forever. This allows for the real truth to be revealed.
DeleteBryce, I think being able to read another person’s body language will also help you improve your own. By being being able to read others, you will help yourself learn to give off strong character.
DeleteBen, I did look into that type of learned body language, but I did find information on reasons why certain gestures developed.
DeleteEmily, I think people who desire to understand more about what others are thinking or feeling at a certain moment should invest time into learning the reasons behind certain body gestures.
DeleteLogan, I didn’t do any research on sociopaths, but I did read about mirroring gestures. Mirroring gestures creates a bond, which could allow a sociopath to take advantage of someone.
DeleteThe idea of one universal language has been on the minds of many for years. Should we have one language around the globe so that everyone can understand each other? It would certainly remove the ever-pesky language barriers and translation issues. So I do believe that one universal language would be a good thing. Furthermore, I believe that we already have a sort of universal language: mathematics! Math is something that can go beyond spoken or written words, through cultures, and through dialects. One meter is the same distance here or on the other side of the Earth; and one thing plus another thing, is always going to be two things. These basic concepts of mathematics transcend race, gender, and culture. Somewhat similar is the idea that music and art can also stretch across the same variables. However, math takes that of a form which can hold more information. Art and music may portray emotion to anyone, but math has the capability to transmit actual information: distance, direction, etc. But that of course raises a question of the symbol and names for numbers and such. While we do not have universal signs and symbols, there is such thing as a tally mark, which, instead of transmitting numerical value by representation, it transmits by count. Anyone can understand that IIIII counts to five, however our symbol of five ("5") doesn't have this same property. More so, II and III together, makes IIIII by count rather that 2+3=5, which is by symbols. And it is just this that makes math span further than any of our languages can. This might not be a perfect language, after all, it can't portray many of the things language needs to do, but it can tell some very basic but vital information. Past its lacking areas, its what we've got, it is what I believe to be the closest thing to a global language that we have. I believe that we should have one universal language, and I believe that mathematics is just that.
ReplyDeleteHow does having mathematics as the universal language unite, or have a better understanding, with other countries?
DeleteActually Chris, contrary to what you said about music it can actually transmit information to anyone. The Treble and Bass scales are the same in every language and you can even communicate words by playing an instrument through pitch and tone, hence why when someone plays Mary had a Little Lamb you can actually hear the words to it. You ended up bringing up forms of SI Units, but you didn't expand upon the fact that those are used both in maths and sciences and you failed to bring up that science is also a universal language.
DeleteI did use the term language kind of loosely. Maths can transmit information, but isn't the same and English or Spanish. I used it as just transmitting information across peoples regardless of dialect. In this way, it can connect peoples across countries by relaying data with basic units. In this form, however, it isn't a replacement for our current language, but I hope it can be a start. And Logan, good question.
DeleteThere are over 6,500 different languages spoken across the world today. All of them have their own unique degree of importance, but there is one language that always goes unnoticed when considering the importance of practice. Studies show that it is absolutely necessary to obtain a second language other than your native language. Most people immediately assume that an appropriate second language would be Spanish, German, French, or Chinese, but there is another language that we deal with everyday that should be more important. Body language is a nonverbal language that deals with facial expression, posture, and mood. Each and everyday we are required to be able to read someone’s body language and it is not always easy. When attempting to read a person’s body language, we must look at three things: facial expressions, body proxcemics, and ornaments (accessories). The reason why this should be obtained as a second language is that judging someone’s body language determines how one should treat that person. The process of determining someone’s mood based on body language is called encoding. Also, the opposite of decoding, known as encoding, is defined as how we use body language to express our own mood. This is very important because this language should tell another person how to treat you. It is also necessary to understand how to handle someone giving off a certain body language. For example, if someone is frowning with their head down you should comfort them because they are feeling sad. Another example would be if someone has their arms crossed and has their head down with a scrunched face you should avoid them because they are agitated or angry.
ReplyDeleteThesis: Before we attempt to learn the complicated second languages that will only be put to use every so often, we must come to understand the everyday language of the body.
Great topic Bryce and it is cool to see you and Regis are doing similar topics but I have one question. With learning this language of the body are you wanting this to be taught in schools?
DeleteDo any schools, high school or college, already offer a body language class?
DeleteAre you saying that body language should be considered a second language? Also, when you say that body language should be taught before a second language are you taking into account the critical period?
DeleteMy question is similar to the ones above. Should schools offer specific body language classes or take a different approach for students to develop a better understanding of why body language is the way it is?
DeleteBen- yes, I do believe they should have body language courses taught in schools
DeleteJacob- they offer online guides to use in high school classes and they have online courses for colleges, no on course campuses though.
Logan- I’m not exactly sure what you mean but I do believe that it is very necessary to at least consider learning it as a second language.
Dom- I believe that there should be a lesson on body language taught in English classes, and that there should be an elective or optional class on body language itself.
The topic I chose to write my paper on is how musical training affects language. From my background research, I have discovered that not only does music affect the language pathways of the brain, it also plays a huge role in mathematics. So far, my research has mostly focused on the development of language in young children with formal musical training. Children with musical training are proven to more easily be able to master new languages faster than nonmusical children. This is mainly because they can detect pitches with more precision as an outcome of the musical training which benefits language development and perception. Music and language are linked because the way the brain processes language pitches is similar to how it processes music pitches. Thus, musical training helps to enhance the part of the brain that processes vocal pitches in language. Musical children also have significantly higher scores on language aptitude tests than nonmusical children. Furthermore, the physical shape of the brain is slightly different in musicians than in non musicians. The pathways associated with these regions actually change their shapes to favor those of language and mathematic development areas. This information is why music programs are so important to schools. Music programs help improve children’s perspective and cognitive abilities, and help to establish higher overall test scores in children. I will close with this final question. Should music programs be considered extra, or we, as a country, missing an opportunity to teach students one subject that might support learning in language and mathematics?
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DeleteI think that this topic is really interesting! However, I am slightly confused. Are you saying that children should have a musical background before they have a language and mathematical background so that their development of speech and mathematics is more supported when the time comes?
DeleteI see how I could have clairified this. I am mostly saying that musical skills are something that should be learned hand in hand with language and mathematics. A rough estimate of a time frame could be around third grade. I hope this clarifies!
DeleteYes, thank you!
DeleteLanguage is seen as a conversation which is a statement or question followed by a response. Every day we have conversations. Every time we do something, we have a conversation. The conversation is sometimes only happening between only one single person. Yourself. “Self-talk” is not something that it is learned but it comes naturally. With this being said self-talk may be natural but it is also a trait that you can develop or improve by working at it. Self-talk can be positive or negative and by practicing it you can get rid of or change the negative talk into positive talk. The thought of talking to yourself may seem weird at first but everyone does it some people are just oblivious to it and others are just better at it either through practice or just naturally. It has been studied through many experiments that athletes that use self-talk to motivate themselves are the most successful. For example, a study of 178 Olympic athletes show that the medalists used more self-talk than the non-medalists. Not only athletes, but, ordinary people use it to keep themselves alive in life or death situations and we just use the language to decide what we want for lunch by thinking about the options and saying things to ourselves to finalize the choice. Coaches and therapists can teach this to their athletes or patients through many different steps. I think many people do not believe this is an important language and that to me is wrong because I can say it is one of the most used languages used around the whole entire world. It can also be one of the most dangerous things in the world if people do not know how to handle it. This is called Rumination or the replaying of cringe-worth or bad past events which can cause many people to slip into depression early or even later in life. Self-talk should be taught to young students to show the how to use self-talk to motivate them to reach their goals and be successful. The society we have today is falling apart. If we teach people from a young age how to use self-talk being then being the best possible or most successful will happen a lot easier.
ReplyDeleteHow does someone further develope their self-talk?
DeleteA person can further develope their self-talk by practicing to replace the negative talk with positive talk. For example, teachers might teach kids to say "I am going to get it, but I have to keep practicing" instead of "I can't get this,I give up". People can also go to motivational enhancmenent therapy. If people learn self-talk correctly society will be filled with happier personalities.
DeleteAre there any steps other than simply replacing negative talk with positive talk? How do you start?
DeleteYou should start small and work your way up. Progress will not be noticable right away as it had said in a therapy treatment I had researched.
DeleteWe have all swore before. Admit it, we all have. It might been because we were angry, or we were happy. It could've been because of a multitude of things honestly. Some people actually really like swearing, like myself and other teenagers. We have a problem though with this. Adults, teachers, and sometimes even other teenagers ridicule and frown upon swearing. But should swearing be more accepted among teenagers. On one side, teenagers are younger, less mature than adults, and will use swearing in less mature ways than adults will as a result. On the other side, teenagers have a lot more emotions than adults, and they need ways to express those. For some, that's a way to show emotion, or passion. It's a complicated topic that many people are divided on. In my opinion, teenagers should definitely be allowed to swear and not be attacked for it. It does help "release" that anger and happiness that you do have. It also I a sign of passion. I swear when I'm passionate about something. So do others, like in football or school. It does help to, we don't just do it to be annoying or sound mature. It's frustrating when we do swear and get ridiculed for it, as it's just a way to get rid of emotion. Teenagers should be allowed to swear, I don't see a really downside except maybe those who are not mature enough to swear, and then don't handle their responsibility. Thesis: Swearing a use of language widely used by adults and teenagers. That being said teenagers should be allowed to swear and curse without having lash back from adult and other teenagers.
ReplyDeletePeople say that swearing leads to an increase in violent behavior. Do you agree with this?
DeleteDo you even proofread? Lol, just kidding Gergy. I am doing a similar topic, so it is nice to see your views, but do you think that there are some words that are more offensive than others and should not be taken as lightly?
DeleteI like how you related your topic to something we all do. My question to you is do you think we should even let young children swear and discontinue the “swearing is bad for young kids” vibe? Also, you said we don’t do it to sound annoying and mature, but do you think that some people take advantage of swearing and do use it to sound annoying?
DeleteAre you saying people should be able to swear all of the time, or just in certain situations?
DeleteDan) I agree with this somewhat. I feel like when you swear, does make you a little violent, but I feel likes there more correlation between emotions and violence. And swearing is a side effect you could say.
DeleteMaddie) oh my God, don't scare me like that. But yes, there are words that should be kept for certain instances. Words like the f bomb and stuff on that level should be under control. But words like shit and damn, that could be allowed more often.
Emily) I feel like young kids should be wary of swearing, and parents shouldn't condone it. But when you get to be a teenager, you get some responsibility with swearing, and are expected to use swearing responsibly. Yes, there are definitely people that are using swearing to be annoying, which is...annoying. but theres not much you can do about that.
Carly) I feel like in formal times, you shouldn't be swearing every other word. But informally, sure. Got for it
Body Language can tell a lot about what a person is feeling. Often, people will ignore the signs a person puts off. Study’s show that women are actually better at reading body body language then men, do to the fact their brains have have 14-16 active areas where men have only 5-6 active areas. Women and men use body language in different ways. Women are more submissive which makes them look more vulnerable. Women often lie differently than men do, and for different reasons. Women will lie, to protect other people or to make them feel better about themselves, where men lie in order to look more powerful or successful. Women use body language in order to get the attention of males. They will often stare at them multiple times, as well as flip there hair as well as wearing bright colored makeup to draw more attention to themselves. Males often smile at women, they will try not to cross their arms, as well as try not to place them in there pockets. Men will also use a type of eye stare at women in order for them to be noticed. Another cue is that men will point there toes in the direction of the person they are attracted to, and if they are not they are usually pointed toward the exit. Men are also a little more aggressive with the use of body language as they want to look more assertive. Men and women each have there own way of using body language.
ReplyDeleteBoth men and women are different in the way they show body language, but are women really better at men at reading it?
*then men at reading it
DeleteThesis Statement: Self-talk is an everyday thing and using it correctly can cause success. It is one of the most, if not the most important languages on the face of the planet and needs to be taught to people young and old all around the world.
ReplyDeleteThe military uses specific terminology. This terminology is used to communicate systems, positions, and geography. It is used over the English language because they wanted to create a subculture due to the fact the military life is different from the civilian life. It is also used because it helps transfer information more clearly. This language is used during training and active duty. The United States has allies and NATO Allies. The NATO is an organization that was started in 1949, that would come together to provide a stronger force incase of an attack on the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact. There are twenty-nine countries in this organization today. An argument that has developed in the past years was if there should be a universal language with the military and their allies, or not. Some believe there should not be because there is already a training for interpreters in the military that have been taught the language for certain countries. This training is called the Defense Language Institute, or DLI. In this training there are four categories. The four categories are based off complexity. Each category has a certain length of time for each class. However, the most complex category only takes sixty-four weeks to learn. Which is a short amount of time for learning a completely new language. What all should be universal though? As we know time is universal. The Coordinated Universal Time was introduced first on January 1, 1960. This system is used by the military, NASA, and other major organizations. This time unit is measured by atomic unit that’s broadcasted by radio signals. Each country has a different name for the time zone they are in, but it’s all under the Coordinated Universal Time. This was chosen to make a compromise between the English and French speakers. This time is known worldwide and is described as the 24 hour time standard. If there was a universal language like time, it could help the allies and the United States plan attacks. However, I believe the United States military would have to have another language to communicate in order to prevent hacking from occurring from past or present allies. The question is, is it worth developing a universal military language or not.
ReplyDeleteThesis Statement: Communication is an important part in the military. I believe if we created a language that all the allies understood we could be undefeated against our enemies.
Do you believe that everyone should have a better understanding or even be taught some military language?
DeleteI believe that the language in the military needs to be universal with the other NATO allies. If we were universal together we could become a strong, united force against an enemy.
DeletePicture yourself standing in the middle of Times Square in New York City. Imagine the noises you hear, cars honking, people yelling, and that guy shouting the f-bomb because he realized he locked his keys in the car. Taboo forms of communication are a part of everyday language, all around the world, but specifically North America. There are multiple terms that fit into the spectrum of "dirty language," some include cursing, profanity, blasphemy, obscenity, vulgarisms, and expletives. For natives, these forms of communication are all too familiar and are used in songs, movies, books, and simple leisure communication, but for foreigners, this language may come off a bit confusing. In addition, these aliens may actually be seen as targets because of their lack of understanding. Due to this deficiency in their education of the English language, I believe that it should be necessary for students in adult English Second Language (ESL) and English Foreign Language (EFL) classes to learn the different aspects of taboo dialect. The classes should be structured and not just bluntly teach words and definitions, but rather take into perspective knowing when, where, and who, the racial, cultural, and linguistical words, and the gender factor. As a result, I think that is addition to the curriculum in adult ESL and EFL classes would serve as a benefit to the students within.
ReplyDeleteThesis: Adults who are learning the English language should also be exposed to the taboo forms of communication that are so widely used in North America.
Do you think all students should take it? If they were to, do you believe it would help the state that the world is in, with social and cyber bullying?
DeleteDo you know how many schools already offer ESL and EFL classes, if any?
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DeleteLake- I am not sure how many schools already offer these classes. In addition, I am proposing a change in curriculum, not a separate class. I will do more research in order to dig deeper into this topic.
DeleteDan- As I stated, I believe that adults should take it without a doubt. However, for children, it should be up to their parents whether or not they want to expose their kids to such language at a young age. To answer your question about social and cyber bullying, I do not think that it will help make it better nor worse. Being exposed to this communication will serve as a window to better acknowledgment of the speech around them.
DeleteI never thought of this idea before. I really enjoyed your perspective on this and I personally think they should learn these taboo forms of language along with normal language that is foreign to them. All aspects of a foreign language are important. My question is: Are there classes that already include the vuglar aspects of a foreign language or is it unheard of to include it?
DeleteDo you think there is a way to keep adults who are learning the English language away from taboo forms of communication?
DeleteTexting is the short process of sending and receiving messages using a cellular device. Over 4.2 billion people use text messaging around the world. Other popular social media’s such as Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook, give access to texting over their app. Without even knowing it, social media users use short abbreviations such as “lol”, “gtg”, “ttyl”, and many more. School teachers and College professors say that students forget to capitalize the letter “I” on graded papers and notes as well. Studies show that these abbreviations, misspellings, grammatical errors, and a lack of punctuation and capitalization are used in the classroom and in conversations everyday, causing a harsh impact on test scores. Social media is used to update friends, family, and even strangers on news concerning the world. Our society is composed of a large amount of positive and negative events, creating a wide range of news stories on social media networks. For example, after an important NFL game, twitter and Snapchat blow up with posts and comments. A comment could read, “Lol how did the Steelers tie with the Browns.. I am leaving now ttyl.” Awkward and horrible grammar, right? The texting language has changed over the years and has created a whole new language. This generation is constantly using social media, striving for thousands of followers and posting pictures or stories that sometimes contain “cool items or sayings.” For example, People may post a picture smoking a cigarette or drinking alcohol and caption it, “sup bruh” or “yolo.” The actions of our current society don’t deserve to be on twitter and Instagram. Even walking down the hall you may even hear “sup bruh,” “yolo” or other slang terms. The texting language is ruining the English language by containing slang conversation, and grammatical errors.
ReplyDeleteThe social media language consists of abbreviations and a great quantity of grammatical errors, now being used in the classroom and in everyday conversations, causing a harsh impact on our society and the English Language.
Are you saying social media should not exist?
DeleteI really like your idea for your topic, but I’m slightly confused. Are you meaning to say that the language of texting and abbreviation should be abolished? Or are you saying that there is a time and place for text “slang,” for lack of a better term.
DeleteLake, I am saying that our generation abuses it and now talks in slang and abbreviations and uses the texting language in everyday life and in school. Sophie, I know social media will never be abolished, however, maybe reduced. I was saying more that there is a time for text slang and that our society abuses it.
DeleteI really like your topic. My one question for you is was there anything like this before social media came out? Meaning, was there a historical time period where they had slang issues that you could relate this too?
DeleteAbsolutely, there has always been issues with social status and slang usage, however, it has increased tremendously since the use of social media.
DeleteThere are many deaf people that have cochlear implants, and many that don’t. Many people that have cochlear implants are not accepted into the deaf community. People now see them as being able to hear and no longer consider them deaf. This is not true. I know many deaf people that have cochlear implants that are still unable to hear like me or you. This also leads into the question of whether or not deaf people should even be allowed to get cochlear implants. In most cases, one will get the implant when they are a baby or small infant. This means it is the parents decision to get their child a cochlear implant. Some parents get their child one to give them their best chance whereas others get their child one just because they don’t want to have a deaf child. Obviously this is wrong. Deafness is not a death sentence. Deaf children can live perfectly normal lives, with or without cochlear implants. However, the more people that get cochlear implants the more of a decline there is in the use of sign language. When hearing people talk to deaf people they at least try to use sign language, even if it’s not correct. Yet when hearing people talk to a deaf person that has a cochlear implant, they don’t even try to use sign language. As a result, the deaf person will not use it in response, they will speak instead. So, should deaf people even get cochlear implants and if they do, should they be accepted into the deaf community?
ReplyDeleteI love your perspective on cochlear implants among the deaf community. However, are you saying that this could cause ASL to die out? Or are you arguing more on the terms of cochleae implants?
DeleteI’m arguin more on the terms of cochlear implants. The fact that it is causing a decline in ASL is just one factor I am taking into consideration.
DeleteLake, I think you did an amazing job on your topic. It is obviously something that you love and it speaks to you. However, not everyone can afford cochlear implants. In other cases cochlear implants do not work on certain people. My question is, should cochlear implants completely cancel out the need for ASL?
DeleteI like that you chose this topic because I am working on a similar one. However I am slightly confused. Are you saying deaf people shouldn’t get cochlear implants?
DeleteI don’t think anything will truly cancel out the need for ASL. It is as much of a language as English or Spanish.
DeleteI am not saying deaf people shouldn’t get cochlear implants, just that their are factors to take into consideration when getting one (such as price.)
Interpretation for the disabled has been a dying industry for years. People believe that interpreters should step aside and let assistive technology take the lead. My research so far has been on the effects of assistive technology on people who are deaf or hard of hearing. The third most used language in the United States is American Sign Language, also known as ASL. However, due to language and cultural barriers those who are deaf or hard of hearing are the most isolated people in our communities. They may avoid contact with people in a fear of being made fun of or not understanding people. Because of this they fall into the hands of suffering from social and even physical isolation. A significant percent of the deaf or hard of hearing community does not like to use assistive technology like cochlear implants or microphones in the classroom. Assistive technology has been thought of as a visible sign of a disability. Most people who are in these situations just want to blend in with everyone else but feel that the assistive technology is holding them back. There was a study that used students from grades five to ten to see how they felt about using assistive technology in the classroom. All the students that took part in the study were in inclusive schools and could speak orally. The results from this study suggests that the female students thought of assistive technology in a negative light. The use of the assistive technology caused, as previously said, social and physical isolation. Assistive technology might reduce the barriers in the class room for DHH, deaf and hard of hearing, students. With the use of the assistive technology, however, students have a hard time understanding what is going on when conversations switch, large numbers of people decide to take part in conversations, and other unexpected noises and sounds interrupt focus. These situations make it hard for the students to take part in discussions whether it is student-teacher conversations or student-student conversations. Should assistive technology take over the responsibility of interpreting for the disabled?
ReplyDeleteLanguage across the United States is extremely diverse. The United States has been called the “melting pot” of the world for over one hundred years. Besides the multitude of languages that fill the country, many dialects populate the United States as well. Because of high immigration in the United States, there are many dialects that color the country. Colloquial language affects all parts of the world. Specifically, in the United States different dialects populate different regions, and beyond that, different parts of states and even counties! So, should people be allowed to speak and teach their own dialect?
ReplyDeleteMany argue that human rights and the statement that all men are created equal should allow people to speak any language and in any dialect they wish. In addition, some believe that their dialect should be recognized in schools and by all people. People argue that students of different dialects come to schools and are discriminated against and marginalized. Some places in the United States have specific classes for dialectic teaching and enforcement. Studies show that people of different dialect are equally successful as others.
However, many dialects encourage poor grammar and induce misunderstanding. Schools argue that funding programs for dialect is a poor use of money. There is also a misuse of dialect and ways to be disrespectful to people by mocking or disregarding the dialect of people. People that use proper language may feel degraded by the use of slang in dialect.
Should dialect be required to be taught in schools? Because the United States is full off so many diverse cultures, different dialects populate all parts of the country. Should the be reduced to one? Should they be enforced?
Thesis: Because dialect in the United States is so abundant and diverse, people should be allowed to speak and teach their own dialect.
In reference to teaching dialect in schools, do you know if it is the teaching of the dialect of only that specific area of the school or of many dialects throughout different regions in general?
DeleteWould the person have to give classes or what would be the way to excatly teach it. It's a very interestjng topic
DeleteEmily- the classes are being taught on the dialect specific to that region.
DeleteAnthony- The classes that are being taught teach students to speak in the slang and the annunciation of the region. Though I do not believe they are necessary, I believe they should be permitted.
Bailey I thought this was interesting. My question for you is if someone agreed with your perspective, what grade would you teach this in? Is it too complex to start at a younger age?
DeleteI think that your topic is extremely interesting. Funny enough, I was think about choosing that topic myself before I found mine. I would like you to use specific examples, such as the Southern accents.
DeleteThe utterance of a single f-word can convey the state of a person—whether they are angry, upset, excited, surprised or aroused—and the intensity of that state. Swearing can occur with any emotion and yield positive or negative outcomes. Rather than thinking of swearing as morally incorrect, people should consider the meaningful information expressed in swearing and what communication goals are achieved in the process. The act of swearing provides a cathartic effect, a psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotion, which many people experience as a response to frustration and difficulties. Contrary to negative situations, swearing can also emphasize how great someone believes something to be; a swear word emphasizes the positive feelings someone has for that object, situation, person or event. Swearing is more common than most people think. Swearing is not just used by those people that are uneducated or those of a lower socioeconomic class — it knows no social boundaries in its expression. The act of swearing is a natural aspect of speech development. During childhood, people learn which words are considered taboo and which words are safe to use. Also through development, people are able to discern the different levels that swear words have and which situations to use certain ones in and which to not. Since swearing remains present throughout everyday life, it should be socially accepted to an extent. There is a time and place for everything. For example, someone should not wear a white dress to a wedding that is not theirs or tell an interviewer that they just want the job for the money. Although, people do not consider those things inappropriate outside of that certain context. There is also a time and place for swearing. Songs should not have to edit out curse words or people should not have to watch their language around family members in which they would be considered stupid or rude. Rather than putting a negative blanket over swearing, people should be more open-minded.
ReplyDeleteThesis: Because swearing is present in most aspects of life, it should not be as condemned and more socially acceptable.
My question is this: Are you saying that something is considered good or fine just because it is a common practice? That just seems a bit amoral to me? I guess I’m just a little worried about this. Consider the degrees of your argument (and maybe you already have). What does this mean in the greater scheme of things? Is context important? Swearing may seem like a trivial thing, but it has a massive cultural impact.
DeleteNo, you misinterpreted. Swearing is considered vulgar by most degrees in public places and it should not be that way. I said it should be accepted to a certain extent, not in every situation. Also, someone that does not swear as often as a person that does, might think differently. So, I am open-minded to the idea of cussing when used within reason. I understand that if people stopped making a big deal out of swearing then it would lose it’s allure. Therefore, such “less demeaning” cuss words should be accepted.
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DeleteDom, I think that it is an interesting topic to write about , and I have confidence that you will do well. I like the fact that you made the “not wear white to a wedding” comparison.
American Sign Language is a complex non-verbal language that has been used in North America for centuries. American Sign Language, or ASL, is expressed through hand movements, facial expressions, and other body language. It allows not only the deaf and people with hearing loss issues to communicate, but it also allows infants and many other people to have their own form of communication. ASL promotes awareness, understanding, and acceptance for the deaf community and other languages. Learning ASL also helps individuals become better listeners. In order to use sign language, you must pay attention to the person signing and “listen with your eyes.” Not paying attention even for the slightest moment can make the entire conversation more difficult to understand. Unlike other languages, you can not turn your head away and continue to listen while doing something else. Signing requires constant, undivided attention so the listener knows what the signer is saying. It may sound difficult, but believe it or not ASL is much easier to learn than one would think. Most words are gestures that you would usually represent with your hands anyway. ASL also involves facial expressions, which is a part of body language. One of the easiest aspects of learning sign language is learning the alphabet because any word can just be spelled out if the proper sign is forgotten.
ReplyDeleteAmerican Sign Language is also very beneficial to infants and young children. It helps reduce frustration because they can finally specify what they actually want or need. It also helps increase their self-esteem because they become part of the conversation. They can finally tell you something and can be understood, instead of just mumbling. Their language and listening skills are also enhanced. Infants and young children who were exposed to sign language were shown to start talking earlier and built a broad vocabulary more quickly than children who were not exposed. ASL is an extremely important and beneficial language that could benefit many people.
Thesis: Children should be required to learn American Sign Language from a young age.
Do you think it would help the speed of learning language if infants were taught sign language at the same rate as their native language?
DeleteI really liked your thoughts here and it helped me understand ASL better. My question: who would teach the sign language? An adult with hearing or an adult who is partially or fully deaf? Just curious on your thoughts.
DeleteI'm curious on age areas, what ages would learn it. Would it be preschool or elementary or etc?
DeleteDo you think it is a good or bad thing that an ASL conversation requires undivided attention? And will this scare off some trying to learn and use this language?
DeleteStephen - Yes, I believe it would help infants and young children learn spoken language more quickly.
DeleteAnna - I think an adult with hearing should teach sign language in order to communicate with children and help translate between spoken language and ASL.
Anthony - I believe it should become a required class at the kindergarten level, but I also believe parents should start teaching it even younger than that, even though I can not enforce that.
Isaac - I believe it is a good thing it requires because it helps further develop stronger listening skills. It may scare off lazy learners but I believe it is too important for people to not give their full attention.
Lying can be shown in humans as young as six months old and can continue to develop until they die. Lying is hard for the brain to do, but overtime, humans have evolved into good liars. Lying may be hard for the brain, but it actually wants do it it. In a ten minute conversation, humans tell an average of three lies and usually do not realize they are doing it. When a person is lying to themselves, they usually have two pieces of information and only pay attention to one of them and disregard the other. Lying is usually caused from the desire to protect oneself, such as their reputation, or another person, like avoiding the painful truth. However, that is not to say that people do not lie in order to deceive people, that just usually not the case. If someone is a pathological liar, they completely and wholeheartedly believe, in the moment, that their lie is the truth. However, it is important to note that the lie is not based off of a delusion, which is a belief that is securely kept no matter how much evidence or reasoning denies it as a truth. Pathological liars have about twenty five percent more white matter in their prefrontal cortex. This means that they are able to make connections quicker, such as to back up their lie. However, they also have fourteen percent less gray matter, which is where critical thinking takes place. Pathological lying is not considered its own diagnosis anymore because it is felt only one aspect of many other diagnoses and feels too limited.
ReplyDeleteLying is just one form of manipulative language, or the system of strategies that allows people to persuade others into doing what they want them to do. There are different types of power that are associated with people who wish to manipulate others, whether the manipulation is for good or evil. Legitimate power is the authority a person has based on their role, status, and age. This gives the person credibility. Referent power is power which is exercised and practiced over another person who looks up to or admires the one in power. This person may or may not realize that this is going on.
It is safe to assume that no one really thinks lying is good, but what about exaggerating the truth in order to gain someone’s interest?
DeleteThesis: The use of manipulative language can be seen all over the world today, and people should be cautious of this form of language and the intentions of those who use it.
Do you think that because lying is usually done to protect oneself in a conversation that many people realize that and abuse that?
DeleteI’m sorry but I do not fully understand your question. Usually if someone realizes they are lying for protection then they realize that they are in the wrong and have just dug themselves into a hole.
DeleteIt is almost a given when people say that being bilingual helps you during your life at one point or another. This is true in many different ways, but how does it help specifically? Three major effects of bilingualism are; Improvement your competitiveness in the job market, opening of new career opportunities, and it can slow the effects of old age.
ReplyDeleteBeing bilingual could place you at the top of interview lists from potential employers because of the diversity of the multilingual population. Employers know that bilingual or multilingual customers are becoming a large force and are opening new chances for business expansion. There are many businesses who have offices or establishments in other countries, so bilingual speakers would benefit majorly with these companies.
If you’re a bilingual speaker and want to switch professions, your speaking skills can benefit you and place you into a potentially growing field. Translation jobs are among the top 15 fastest growing Jobs in the United States with an estimated 25,000 jobs to be opened by 2020. Not only is it translation jobs that need multilingual expertise, but also jobs such as; journalism, education, international development, or maybe even a job in the Peace Corps or a Foreign Service Officer.
Speaking multiple languages can delay the decline of cognitive flexibility of the brain. Cognitive flexibility allows the brain to adapt to different or unexpected situations. Bilingualism improves reading abilities and general intelligence, causing effects of old age to hold of for a longer period of time.
Thesis: Being bilingual is definitely helpful in life, but should schools require the students to participate in a second-language class?
I really like all of the facts here and how much information you know on this. One question: Do you think kids should start learning another language at elementary school age or when they are older?
DeleteThe middle childhood stage (around 6ish to 11 years old) is a humans best period to start learning. It is around the time when most humans start school and their minds are open to so many things, so I believe that if a human were to learn a foreign language, it would be most beneficial to start during childhood.
DeleteThe United States of America is considered to be a very diverse country. With languages and heritages that have morphed over time, the U.S. is a melting pot of people and their cultures. Although, there is a question that seems to hang lowly over our heads. Should the U.S. have an official language? And should that said language be English? The controversy and arguments on this topic seem never ending and there doesn’t appear to be a conclusion heading our way anytime soon. There are many different ways to view an official language, it can be a blessing but also a curse for a country and it’s people. One way this can be bad for us is because the First Amendment of the Constitution of United States of America states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,” which means that forcing an official language on the people of America is very contradictory in a sense. Why would we, as a nation, make an official language, most likely English, when we clearly stated in 1789 that we did not ever want that for ourselves. In other words, having English as our official language would cause confusion and lead to a sense of hypocrisy within the U.S. Although, there are also many arguments that are for the passing of an official language. One thought to consider is how much easier communication could be between American citizens and immigrants if the immigrants already knew English. While this is very true, it seems a bit ridiculous. How fair is it that us American citizens expect people from other countries to be fluent in English while we don’t even attempt to learn another language. Of course, most people take a foreign language in high school, but how many of those kids actually remember that language into adulthood? One in a hundred students to be exact. And even that may be a bit of an exaggeration because the study the information was taken from was a self assessment. This means the person could’ve easily fabricated their fluency. So even most of the pros to the argument can be disputed by the facts and common sense. What exactly does this mean for us though? And should the statistics and facts veer us one way or the other? Personally, the suitable decision for our country seems to be that we should not declare English as our official language. The positives of staying in the absence of an official language are way higher than if we declared to have one.
ReplyDeleteIs English the only language that would be in the running for an official language? Do you happen to know if there are any other languages that are increasing their popularity faster than or close to the English language?
DeleteDo you think that different dialects would impact an official language? If so, would new languages be branched off from different dialects and create a similar problem to the one we’re in currently?
DeleteAre you arguing for or against having an official language?
DeleteMy thesis did not show up but I am arguing against an official language. This is because there are more negative effects than positives effects of having one. And Spanish is also very widely spoken amongst American citizens. Around 231,122,908 Americans speak English and about 37,458,470 speak Spanish. So English is still in first place for the official language of the U.S. I do believe dialects effect language. If we look at the English used here in America compared to that of England, there are so many differences it’s hard to keep track of what people mean sometimes. Many problems would definitely arise from the dialects of people especially immigrants who may not know English well and may transform the words into something else. I do not think having an official language would help much in our country.
DeleteMy topic I chose was related to whether or not humor should be regulated. Through recent research I discovered that the psychology behind jokes is quite compelling, this is especially true for disparagement humor. Disparagement humor describes any jokes that are told in an attempt to shame any type of social group. Therefore, this type of humor exists solely to discriminate against targeted groups. It’s a known fact that religious harassment, societal sexism, and gender inequality are all morally and ethically unacceptable and inappropriate. However, it is evident that disparagement humor bypasses these boundaries. The viewpoint that “a joke is just a joke,” is a cause of disparagement humor and it’s popularity. Although this particular type of humor is negative, there is a unique aspect of it that psychologists refer to as “shifting acceptability.” This term relates to the fact that sometimes potential targets of the joke, target themselves in their own joke. Chris Rock did this in the opening of the 2016 Academy Awards, he said, “I’m here at the Academy Awards, otherwise known as the White Peolpe’s Choice Awards.” In this statement Chris Rock, an African American, used his race to tell a disparagement joke. The popular question then arises; why do people tell these offensive jokes? People do this for the same reason that they decide to do something harmful, unhealthy, or anything that they don’t normally want to do. These reasons include peer pressure, the feeling of acceptance, and the need to make others like you. If humor continues to be unregulated, then there will continue to be no limits as to how far the boundaries expand until abusive and downgrading jokes become unacceptable.
ReplyDeleteI understand your point of view, but how can you regulate humor. Will celebrities be fined for telling offensive jokes? What about everyday people like us?
DeleteIn other countries citizens are punished if they harass a public figure or someone of importance. Disparagement humor is just that, harassment. This bullying that people find “funny” is ridiculous. Yes, maybe celebrities should be fined for these degrading jokes, or maybe their speeches should not be aired at all. Popular people like celebrities are some of the most influential people, if they would stop these discriminating jokes then, eventually so would everyday people like us.
DeleteBilingualism is the ability to speak fluently in two different languages. For example, many citizens of the U.S. that are of Hispanic descent can have a conversation in English or Spanish. However, only about 20% of U.S. citizens believe that they are bilingual compared to the 56% of Europeans in a 2006 study. Regarding this information, school across the United States should have language programs starting at the young ages. Either kindergarten or 1st grade, American schools should teach another language in order for the percentage of bilingual U.S. citizens to rise.
ReplyDeleteAttempting to learn a different language can be difficult for anyone, including children. There is a myth that states that children can learn languages quicker because their brains are still developing; however, that is not the case. Although, if the children were to learn the basic vocabulary and sentence structure of the other language at a young age, they will have a head start on learning a new language compared to high school students who will start fresh. The children will be speaking two languages from the age around 5 up until they graduate, which allows 8 more years than a freshman in high school to become fluent in the newly acquired language. Thus, more adolescents and young adults will become bilingual and, in turn, connect them with people from foreign countries. The benefits of bilingual are many: communicating with foreigners when traveling, getting an edge on other jobseekers, and increased brain function of switching between two languages.
Thesis: Bilingualism should be taught at a young age.
Do you think bumping ideas off of each other would be beneficial considering our similar topics?
DeleteIn the United States, only about 20% of households are bilingual. Everywhere else in the world bilingualism is prominent and is a necessity some places. This lack of language diversity in individuals became easy to see at a young age. My father would constantly be on business calls when I was younger with people all around the world because of his job. I asked of him one day why they always spoke in English. I was told it was because he didn’t comprehend any other language, and it was common for business representatives to speak English. There were clear benefits to these businessmen knowing multiple languages as it extended their communication to different countries and gave a similar grounds to all people involved. Because of these interactions I believed at a young age that all people should be able to speak several languages. Now, my belief holds near. The benefits of bilingualism are great to say the least: improved brain function, quicker convergent thinking, improved creativity, and a broader range of communication. The benefits sound great, but it is surely a challenge to comprehend and be able to conversate with an entirely new language.
ReplyDeleteThesis: All people should be bilinguals because of the great amount of benefits.
Do you think you are going to end up undergoing the challenge of becoming bilingual yourself?
DeleteThe topic I chose to discuss is one that is very important in many aspects of life. My topic is focusing on the importance of body language. Body language identifies a lot about what you are feeling. It is an important, subconscious or sometimes conscious way that we can express our thoughts to people. The aspect I decided to argue was whether or not a person should be judged based on the body language they express. This execution matters in many ways such as; arguments, presentations, talking to younger kids, or even someone of higher authority, or even any conversation you partake in. I do think people should be judged based on their body language because you should use the proper, effective body language in the right setting.
ReplyDeleteSome information I have collected so far is that in many cases things like your facial expressions, eye contact and the tone of your voice are noticed more than the actual words you are speaking. If you are able to establish well posture and affirm your ethos it makes people believe you much more than lacking this. As there are many times throughout your life that you need an appropriate attitude with appropriate gestures, it is crucial this is kept in check. Therefore this is why I chose why judgment should be applied based on the body language you radiate. It determines an insane amount of your character and attitude. We need to be held accountable for what we do and our actions. Although sometimes it can be unintentional, people should be held accountable for how they portray to many different audiences their body language.
At this point in history, more people than ever, are traveling to foreign countries and interacting with foreign nationals, for business, and for pleasure. As the world becomes more interconnected, the question of the institution of a global language comes into play. One candidate for a global language is Esperanto. Esperanto is a language, created by Polish doctor Ludwig Zamenhof. Dr. Zamenhof lived in an area of Poland where many languages were spoken, and he saw the value in creating a common language, to increase communication with people of all languages. He was also Jewish, and at that time Jews were subject to discrimination. He thought that bridging the gap between languages would stop prejudice and racism. Esperanto belongs to every person on Earth, it is supposed to bring people together, not divide us. Esperanto was not created with the intent of destroying other language, rather it was to be an easier way on communicating. In other words, Esperanto isn’t supposed to be someone sole language, it’s just supposed to be a helpful tool. Esperanto is a relatively simple language to learn, it is phonetic, has few irregular patterns, and relatively few words need to be memorized. It is based off of European language such as French and German. It has 28 letters in its alphabet, and in written in Latin script, (what we are writing in now). A unique feature of the language is that speakers were encouraged to created their own words. Most words are created from prefixes and suffixes. Esperanto is a quickly growing language with 2 million speaker and 400,00 people started learning it in this past year. I’ll include a link to what Esperanto sounds like if anyone is curious. My thesis is that Esperanto should be used as the global language to improve communication.
ReplyDeletehttps://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jJDdJW91ir0